ANALYSIS OF SOIL DEGRADATION AND DESERTIFICATION IN SOUTHERN BALKASH DESERT BASED ON GIS

Аннотация

Desertification and degradation provide a clear picture of global environmental and socio-economic
issues. Most of Kazakhstan is located in a desert region, including the suburbs of South Balkhash. The reason is that
desertification of the region has a strong influence on natural and anthropogenic factors.
To consider the geomorphological state of the region and the problem of desertification of the territory, it is
necessary to determine the importance of the process of relief of geological structure and relief of tectonics. In recent
years, the environmental situation in Balkhash has deteriorated sharply not only as a result of river flow regulation,
but also as a result of non-commercial economic activities. Therefore, it is very important to assess the situation of
desertification and degradation in the Balkhash region. Desert vegetation has been identified, since information in the
spectral range is often insufficient to describe the state of plants, plant indices often develop by combining two or
more spectral bands. Land cover index is the percentage of vegetation over a given surface area. Remote sensing
information was used to detect the entire land cover. Remote sensing with time and space limitations is widely used
to classify vegetation cover. In this work, the proportion of vegetation was estimated by NDVI. The proportion of
land cover is based on the relationship between NDVI (NDVIS) and NDVI (NDVIV) in the soil. Using the NDVI
index, land cover zones were determined based on satellite images of 2006 and Landsat-5 from 2011. TCT (Tasseled
Cap Transformation) coefficients are used in the widest range of problems solved using Earth remote sensing data:
from recognition of the coastline of water bodies to determination of forest disturbances. Stressful vegetation may be
an indirect sign of the presence of salt in soils. Saline soils are usually characterized by poorly planted areas.
A normalized differential salinity index (NDSI) was also determined.